What is the maximum distance from the carriageway at which central refuge islands are not required?

The correct answer identifies a specific distance from the carriageway that determines when central refuge islands become a requirement. In building and infrastructure design, central refuge islands are typically used to enhance pedestrian safety by providing a safe waiting area in the middle of a roadway that may have multiple lanes or high traffic volumes.

When the distance from the carriageway is measured, it is essential to establish a threshold that suggests the necessity of incorporating such safety features. The distance of 10 meters is significant because it strikes a balance between pedestrian safety and practicality: within this range, pedestrians are more likely to cross the road and may require a refuge to mitigate the risks associated with busy roadways.

Beyond this distance, it is assumed that pedestrian activity decreases, and the need for a central refuge island diminishes. Therefore, establishing the 10-meter distance as the maximum without requiring central refuge islands effectively addresses the safety concerns while considering urban design principles, pedestrian traffic patterns, and roadway management.